Tips for hospitality management

Find the aspects of your unique personality that would work well with this career track. Are you interested in a career in hospitality?   Do you see yourself managing a five-star hotel, resort, vacation tour company, exclusive spa, small bed and breakfast or top-flight restaurant? If you’re planning to pursue a degree in hospitality management, ideally from one of the top two programs – Cornell or UNLV   (University of Nevada, Las Vegas) – you’ll need to first think about what you’ve done in your professional life and personal experiences that have led you to want a career in hospitality, and what you plan to do with the degree. Here are a few tips as you approach the application process. Make a few notes for yourself on each one so you have an â€Å"idea bank† to draw on once you sit down to draft your essays: †¢   Ã‚  What life experiences (work, travel, or as a guest) have you had that would â€Å"translate† into a career in hospitality? (ex. Did you work on a cruise ship one summer, as a sous chef in a cafà © in college, or at Disneyworld? Even something simple, like waitressing, could be worked into an interesting essay). †¢   Ã‚  What do you see as your dream career in hospitality and how can your background (academic and/or professional) help you achieve that dream? †¢   Ã‚  What do you see as the future of the global hospitality industry and why?   How can you see yourself taking part in that future? (i.e. maybe you speak several languages and see the industry as a very international one, or maybe you care deeply about the environment and see the future as one that focuses on sustainability). †¢   Ã‚  What inspires you about the world of hospitality?   Really try to come up with an honest answer that in some way expresses your passion or vision for the field. †¢   Ã‚  This is a people profession.   What qualities do you have that relate to that type of work?   Are you bilingual, outgoing, a great manager, excited about sharing a certain regional food or stunning vista with a wide variety of visitors?   Are you perhaps patient (hospitality people have to handle a lot of complaints!) or a perfectionist, or passionate about aesthetics and design?   Find the aspects of your unique personality that would work well with this career track. †¢   Ã‚  Do your homework on the program you’re interested in—why is this program right for you?   Do you see yourself running a small hotel in Paris, a huge Hawaiian resort, or teaching at a culinary school in rural New England?   Try to find the specific classes, programs, and internship opportunities at the school that feels most right to you, and be prepared to tell them why they are the one for you, and you for them. Bon Voyage! //

The Cloud Of Wild Canadian Geese - 1047 Words

A subdued accumulation of churning murky grey clouds presses forward from the eastern horizon and occupies half of the mid-afternoon s sky. The sun s blistering rays diffuse in the clouds and tinges the cloud s outer edges with shades of crimson and wine. The lake s clear, echoing plane beckon the luminance of the cloud s striking blend of colors. Its stagnant nature furnishes a reflection of the full length of the radiant sky, down to the terrain s low banking hills and grassy overgrowths within the fields. A thin assembly of tall, heavily branched loblolly pines enshroud the compass of the landscape, forming an imitation of an opaque forest wall. The rainfall deepens and electrifies the inertness of the terrain. The pines shake from side to side in the blustery weather, waving and swirling their branches around with vigorous activity. A short leafed oak tree, much larger and archaic than its counterparts, stands firmly on the precipice of the lake s long, curving contour. An expose d gaggle of wild Canadian geese shuffle their soiled webbed feet with short, quick steps alongside their goslings through lush bunches of wild grass en route towards shelter from the unforgiving downpour. The gaggle takes cover from under the oak tree s high adhering limbs by the edge of the lake. Two of the oak tree s main protruding limbs expand upward and slanted, in opposing directions. Mossy vines crawl up and around the oak s trunk and hang from the tips of the main limbShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesillustrates that these principles have not always been practiced. Especially in our current day, what we know and what we demonstrate do not always match. Dr. Bob Moorehead of Seattle’s Overlake Christian Church, who resigned his own position under a cloud of accusations, described it this way: The paradox of our time in history is that we have taller buildings but shorter tempers, wider freeways but narrower viewpoints. We spend more but have less; we buy more but enjoy it less. We have bigger houses

To What Extent Do You Consider the Emancipation of Serfs...

Essay Question: To what extent do you consider the Emancipation of Serfs 1861 to be a key turning point in the development of Russian government and society till 2000? Many historians argue The Emancipation of the Serfs in 1861, to be a key turning point within Russian history. It drastically altered Russia’s economic, political and social stipulation. One could propose the argument that this event lead to the fall of communism in 1990, further more suggesting the extent to which this event affected Russia. Hence this is ‘perhaps the most defining moment in Russian history, with its impact being seen many years after the event itself’. Although historians identify short term effects of this event, the significance to which this event†¦show more content†¦Both peasants and land owners challenged the government with the intention of generating further social changes. The instant consequences to the emancipation of the serfs left Russia crippled, ironic, when alleged that it intended to advance Russia’s status. Many historians argue that despite abolishing serfdom, the means in which it was carried out didn’t coincide with reality. Subsequently, there were many riots which caused a rise of political groups such as Narodnik movement whose existence proves that Russian society was changing. Disorder spread with calls for change within Russia like In May 1862 where a number of pamphlets were issued including the radical Young Russia. Such propaganda aimed to gain support and create challenging individuals which would pressure the Tsar to make further changes. One could argue that as a result this led to the 1905 revolution and the end of Tsardom. Society was extensively transformed. Indeed, there were many negative results, yet many reforms proved to be positive such as the development of education; in 1862 schools were placed under the jurisdiction of the state, rather than the church. The university regulations of 1863 allowed freedom for universities and as a result womens education flourished; by 1881 2,000 women were leaving their stereotypical roles behind and studying in universities, something that the west hadn’t yet done, showing that Russia was ahead of

Characteristics Of A Market Structure - 1807 Words

What are the characteristics of a market and why are they so important? Simply, the characteristics that define a market are the market structure. The market structure is comprised of features that best describe the goods or services of a market along with the organizational or competitive characteristics (What is Economics?). Market structure can also define the number of companies that exist within a market, producing the same products or providing the same services. The market structure bares great influence on the actions and reactions of firms operating within the market, it also bares great significance on the way a firm will market and price the available products and services. Market structure is also a key component for a company†¦show more content†¦For a company to possess that freedom of entering and exiting implies that resources such as capital are mobile and that it will not result in the creation of barriers to entry. An example of these possible barriers of entry could be increasingly high start up costs that may incur for a new organization. 1.2. Pricing Strategies When figuring pricing strategies within the perfect competition model a firm must consider that the attributes of the product and any cost advantages will eventually be exposed, and will either be mimicked or beaten (Whinston, 1995). Though the perfect competition model is ideal, it is seemingly impossible for a single firm to consistently produce its services and goods at the lowest cost. Thus, the perfect competitor must continuously seek to improve cost management, its production technology, and even the economies of scope. The most effective way to do so is through the cost leadership strategy (Kimmons, 2013). This strategy both requires and allows the corporation to constantly seek ways to further decrease costs, enabling the firm to stay more advanced with leverage over the competition. This process needs to be repetitive, in order to maintain established leverage. 2. Monopolistic Competition 2.1. Description Monopolistic competition is a form of imperfect competition where firms offers products or services that are different from competitors meaning that the

Company Structure Bat Is Controlled By A Board - 1385 Words

Company structure: BAT is controlled by a board which is responsible for the vision and strategic direction of the company, which include—group policies, major corporate activities, annual report approval, budget, etc102. Below the board, there are two main boards as shown below103. Management Board – responsible for the implementation of the group’s strategy and policies, the framework for daily operations of operating subsidiaries. This board consists of 12 senior group executives, the financial director, and chaired by the chief executive. Next-Generation Products (NGP) Board – focuses entirely on non-combustible tobacco and nicotine-based products. This group is comprised of both the financial director, managing director, and chaired by the chief executive. In addition, there are four main committees104 Audit Committee – responsible for the group’s financial statements and formal statements regarding the company’s performance; group’s accounting policies; effectiveness of the group’s accounting; internal audit functions; and external auditing. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Committee – responsible for the overall management of CSR; the group’s strategy and management of significant social, environmental and reputational issues; sustainability; and effectiveness of CSR governance. Nominations Committee – responsible for reviewing the structure, size, and composition of the company’s boards; procedure for appointing directors;Show MoreRelatedCarbon Nanotubes : Methods Of Preparation And Applications1364 Words   |  6 Pagesnanotubes are synthesised. In producing of CNTs by using CVD method , catalyst helps to CNTs to grow from at surfaces. 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Shaihu Umar free essay sample

Justifying the Inhumane Despite being brought up in a world we ourselves would consider inhuman, uncivil, and punishing, Shaihu Umar was a patient man that hundreds flocked to for wisdom and guidance. Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa’s Shaihu Umar: A Novel about Slavery in Africa follows the story of a boy that grows to be a highly respected Muslim man that endured through a whirling childhood. Beyond the capturing storyline, Balewa’s novel reveals much about the past world found in Africa that allows the reader to leave the novel more aware of the culture, dispositions, and history of the time. Balewa’s novel depicts a past world in which dehumanization of people is normalized through African life and custom. In my efforts to defend my argument, I refer to the dehumanization of people as the notion of slavery. Slavery in the traditional sense as we know it but also in the general sense of one person belonging to another through hierarchies of social stratification. In the past African world discovered in Balewa’s writing, the African life and customs reveal a time when the dehumanization of peoples became justified through legislations and social norms. Corrupt court systems and the slavery institution created the legal system for slavery while the African lifestyle and Muslim religion created a blanket of tolerance and acceptability. Together these aspects fashioned the world Shaihu Umar faced and recalls. The court systems created a world in which it was easy to be falsely convicted and difficult to prove anything otherwise. Multiple times in the storyline characters are wrongly convicted and face their word against another. In all situations, there is little done to search for the truth behind convictions or complaints. Each of the court related instances results in an unjust ruling that leads characters to ultimately accept the decision as fit. As seen early in the story, Makau is falsely convicted of hiding captured slaves and not reporting them to the court officials. As he is quickly outnumbered by many opinions against his own, and the judge declares he is guilty of an action he cannot prove himself innocent against. The chief of the court exclaims to Makau â€Å"this is the reward which you get  from God for having betrayed my trust, after I had trusted you† (27). Even in this situation when Makau was befriended by the chief, there was nothing Makau could do to prevent the ransacking of his compound and his eventual banishment. In another instance, Umar’s mother was captured into slavery. When she tried to assert her freedom in the courts, the courts ruled she was to be a slave. Although false and unfair, she is content with the decision at hand. The overall slavery institution does not upset her nor deter her from her task at hand. Umar’s mother â€Å"continued as usual, and did not show any sign that she was upset† (69) when she was ruled to go with her new owner. The instances of Makau, Umar’s mother, and the court related decisions reveal how it became acceptable to receive unjust and inhuman rulings. The decisions of the courts became something to accept and live with. There was no overturning the decision that had been made. Therefore the inhuman treatment of people became that of something to be followed and was understood as fit and just. Hausa lifestyle and custom reveal how the notion of inhuman ownership can exist outside of slavery and in something simple like social hierarchical norms of status through society. Simply put, the marriage between Umar’s mother and Makau revealed a way in which someone belonged to another outside of slavery. When Umar’s mother and Makau became married, Umar’s mother became, in some ways, property of Makau. On the day of her wedding, â€Å"a day was appointed upon which she was to move into her husband’s compound† (21). She was expected to do this and leave her old life behind. As a wife, she was also expected to be dedicated to her husband. These examples revolve around the idea that people could be entrapped to a form of slavery of ownership based on the understood norms of society. As a wife, Umar’s mother was expected to be a servant of her husband’s just like a slave would to their master. As we would see the inhuman treatment of a person to be a slaver to an owner, this parallel social construct was perfectly acceptable in the Hausa lifestyle. Another lifestyle adoption that contributed to the normalization of dehumanization and false treatment was the education one could receive. To become educated in the time and place seen in this novel was to become religiously enriched. After becoming a son of Abdulkarim, Umar began his education and assimilation of the Muslim religion. Umar was a man known to have a gentle face, ever patient and tolerant. His studies allowed him to become rich with  knowledge and, as a result, many travelled great distances to learn from him. Umar is an example of someone known in his time as having â€Å"the kind of character which the Arabs like† (56). Abdulkarim spoke these words regarding Umar’s character. Being of respected character, Umar was always gentle, he never interfered in what did not concern him and â€Å"he never wrangled with anyone† (18). These points revolve around the idea that the education of the time created for a more relaxed character and demeanor. As Umar began his life with Abdulkarim, it was aware to Abdulkarim that Umar was of a good character in that he kept to himself. This characteristic made him liked by Arabs. Together, Umar’s initial and educated character are something that’s valued by normal lifestyle. Umar has the ability to be patient and avoid anger. His education and assimilation to Muslim life make him a more understanding person, and better able to turn away from the harsh realities of life. Similar to the notion of religious education making for a more patient and understanding person, the Muslim religion has a strong influence on the acceptance of characters in Balewa’s novel. Many times, characters accept large realities they faced with justifications of God, or as things God had brought them to. There was little anger or frustration with a situation at hand, knowing God’s hand is at work. Makau’s banishment does not cause him unrest and he even prays for his banishers that â€Å"God bring you safely out of the forest† (30). It is a true testament of faith to pray for one’s own enemies as Makau does here. Another instance later, Umar’s mother is grateful to have finally found her son. She exclaims â€Å"for many years now I have been seeking you, and at last God has brought us together† (74). Despite the enslavement and other cruelties she suffered, Umar’s mother is eternally grateful to have found her son after the years God put her through to do so. In both these situations, dehumanizing actions were justified and normalized through the Muslim religion. The idea of God deeming them to happen gives Makau and Umar’s mother a peace of mind. It is because of all these varying aspects that something as dehumanizing and inhumane as human ownership. The world in which it becomes something of normal acceptance for a person to have unjust rulings held above them and eventually be owned or treated like property. The social laws and norms of the Hausa and Muslim lifestyle water down the affects felt by something like this and create a norm of acceptability. Beyond the lifestyles and expected behavioral  reactions, religion and education further develop a patient and accepting person. Umar was highly praised for his character in that he minded only himself and was patience toward all that happened. This one simple characteristic is highly regarded and looked well upon one whom may possess these characteristics. A person with these characteristics are apt to be accepting and cause little unrest over an unjust court ruling or the maltreatment of a person. Together these aspects create an acceptability for the most inhumane treatment of people. Bibliography Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Shaihu Umar: A Novel about Slavery in Africa. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1989

Business Process Outsourcing -Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Advantages and Disadvantages gained by businesses through Outsourcing Processes. Answer: Introduction Modernization of the world has provided business organizations with an expanded scope for development within and beyond a nation. A growth of companies has lead to a consequent rise of functions that along with providing a smooth ground for operations tends to support them. Among the various business tools, outsourcing of activities has gained a lot of importance in the past years. In addition to acting as a helping hand to newly set up firms, the concept provides a direction to high revenue earning companies (Gerbl et al., 2015, pp. 505-518). As compared to internally carried out functions, outsourcing process offer numerous benefits to organizations. However, Parlour (2016, p. 389) states that like every business tool, this particular aspect also haves its own set of issues and limitations that adversely affect performance levels. It is noted that outsourcing being multi-dimensional in nature significantly contributes towards building up relationship with the external world by form ing contractual agreements with service providers. On the other hand, factors like de-motivation and collapse of control within a firm are certain elements that impact gaining of profitable results from the tool (Gerbl et al., 2015, pp. 505-518). This report takes into consideration the diverse advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing business functions. The project tends to depend on a number of secondary sources such as journals, magazines, conference papers, books and articles to gain a detailed insight into the topic. Apart from understand the concept in a thorough manner, the report analyzes the reviewed materials with a motive to locate pitfalls. Project Objective. The principal objectives for this particular project are as follows: To understand the various advantages gained by businesses through outsourcing processes. To understand the various disadvantages confronted by businesses through outsourcing processes. Project Scope Outsourcing has been a topic of debate for business experts over the past few years. It is noted that the aspect requires detailed investigation before implementation. In order to evolve with a clear conclusion the project makes use of various reviewed and published resources. Moreover, the report highlights the presence of gaps in the literature along with an attempt to fill them. In addition to contrasting and comparing different materials, the project tends to locate similarities among them as well. Literature Review Advantages of Outsourcing Functions in Business As opined by Lacity and Willcocks (2014, pp. 66-92), outsourcing is recognized as a metric of strategic significance across the business industry. The diverse tool can be further differentiated into various types depending upon the variables of a company. It is noted that each category provides a set of benefits to the administration (Garrigos-Simon et al., 2015, p. 56). Based on the work of Chou et al., (2015, pp. 30-43) the pros of outsourcing can be classified into five separate parts: tax evasion, decreased manufacturing cost, relational rents, adaptability and strategic orientation. On the contrary, Auksztol and Chomuszko (2013, pp. 167-190) focuses on an extensive research and thereby grouped the various advantages of outsourcing in the following way: Expert Operations: The assistance of specialists helps an organization to accomplish more prominent outcomes. Outsourcing empowers a firm to develop firm relations with experts of various fields. Along with a growth in abilities, service providers help companies with technological knowledge and investments (Lacity and Willcocks, 2015, p. 471). Additionally, capacity, competency, control and administrative productivity likewise increase. It is noted that managers in an enterprise actively involves in a planned coordination of outsourcing activities with a motive to gain stability and competiveness. Cost Reduction: As compared to the work of Mol and Brewster (2014, pp. 351-364), the article of Auksztol and Chomuszko (2013, pp. 167-190) engage in a thorough investigation of this factor. In addition to manufacturing expenses, operation costs also tend to fall. Moreover, apart from degrading working capital and unproductive expenditure, outsourcing enhances the taxpaying capability of organizations. It is noted that there is an additionally expansion of managerial and employment capabilities alongside decrease in procedural investment. The component also guarantees bringing down of overhead expenses as well. On the other hand, there is a rise in savings within the firm. Further, Parlour (2016, p. 389) states that outsourcing not only costs less and cut down prudent expenses by 50%., but also incorporates specialization. Shift of Focus: Among the several functions and activities in a firm, there exist certain non-productive operations that affect adversely affect business Wuyts et al. (2015, pp. 61-76). Outsourcing processes essentially helps the administration of a firm to separate core exercises from the unimportant ones and which in turn help managers to concentrate on developing business. For instance, associations regularly outsource auditing and focus on manufacturing products, thereby progressing towards a determined strategy that contributes towards building a competitive edge and meet customer demands in a better manner. As stated by Mol and Brewster (2014, pp. 351-364), outsourcing practice encourages organizations to focus on centre procedures, acquire specialized knowledge and optimally utilize economies of scale. Enhanced Innovation: The reallocation of focus from unproductive practices to core processes enormously helps the administration of a business to build up a profitable market. In accordance to Auksztol and Chomuszko (2013, pp. 167-190), Gerbl et al. (2015, pp. 505-518) mentions that outsourcing noticeably guides managers to shift resources from internal operations to innovation. It is noticed that the tool enhances creativity inside the authoritative structure that further enables the workforce to develop performance and production rates. Further, innovation in a company acts as one of the most impacting motivating factors. Workload Management: Administration of time sensitive operations tends to be difficult task for the management of a firm. According to Lacity and Willcocks (2015, p. 471), outsourcing functions helps to share the excess workload with external agencies which help in a time delivery of outputs. On the contrary, Chou et al. (2015, pp. 30-43), focus on the situation to peak seasons where along with an increase of customer demands, there is a simultaneous rise of internal processes. It is noted that outsourcing crucial functions ensures quality results and achievement of business objectives in the long run. Although there is a detailed analysis of the concept in the journal of Auksztol and Chomuszko (2013, pp. 167-190), it fails to highlight real life cases. Further, no examples have been taken into consideration in this material. On the other hand, the author also does not focus on the case of SMEs. However, Smogavec and Peljhan (2016, pp. 121-152) in their article tend to point out several other benefits of outsourcing which are as follows: Risk Sharing: The management of a company indulge in risk assessing and investigation before the set up of a new venture. It is in the presence of outsourcing that a firm is able to profit from expert skills and thereby escape risky situations. Geographical Dispersion: According to Wuyts et al. (2015, pp. 61-76), expansion of the internet has lead to the creation of online mediums that escape geographical barriers. Apart from time delivery and lowered costing, outsourcing enables companies to organize activities even during holidays. Transparent Project Management: The presence of online channels tends to support outsourcing. On the contrary, removal of informal relationship within an organization and the creation of professional bonding with service providers significantly help in managing projects. Disadvantages of Outsourcing Functions in Business As stated by Smogavec and Peljhan (2016, pp. 121-152), although outsourcing provides an enterprise with several benefits, there exist certain complications that greatly impact decision making. Moreover, it is only with proper planning and coordination that the management is able to control the negatives. Similarly, Hill (2015, p. 319) also believes that the presence of challenges caused by outsourcing not only tends to set hurdles within a firm, but also severely affects its triumph in the corporate world. Lacity and Willcocks (2014, pp. 66-92) shortly breaks down the shortcomings of the aspect into five individual factors: transactional cost, hollowing out, decreased learning, innovation and opportunistic behaviour. Unlike Auksztol and Chomuszko (2013, pp. 167-190), certain characteristics like creativity, extensive scopes and operational costs are referred to as negativities of external service providers in the work of Parlour (2016, p. 389). However, the major disadvantages of outsourcing business functions mentioned in Mosca and Bordelon (2017, pp. 152-163) are the following: De-motivation: Over dependency on external agencies simultaneously leads to ignorance of organization of training initiatives for the internal employees. It is noted that there is a lack of motivation among the workplace in the absence of an interactive environment as well. However, Verma et al. (2013, p. 322) stated that coordinating with external agencies for human resource outsourcing (selection, payrolls, training, development, communication, and employee engagement) notably contributes towards building up competencies in a firm. Limited Managerial Authority: Outsourcing business processes directly or indirectly tends to limit the authority of the management. It is often that administrators are not able to extend their power beyond the boundaries of a firm. Moreover, they also do not have any control on the final output of outsourced activities. As per Vitasek et al. (2013, p. 198), a fall of authority and power of managers lead to decreased productivity of their subordinates. Risk to Plans: In order to secure results in the highly competitive surrounding, businesses tend to involve in successive planning and plotting Stanfield and Thompson(2014, pp. 412-420). Outsourcing activities might lead to negative results, thereby creating hurdles for future flow of operations. However, Hill (2015, p. 319) states that a planned approach towards outsourcing might act as a support to long term developments. On the contrary, service providers that focus on revenue generation do not intend to take into consideration the motives of a firm. Without the knowledge of a company`s objectives, agencies tend to provide unprofitable yields, thereby making the aspect of outsourcing a liability. Data Security Issues: Outsourcing activities often leads to leak of a organization`s private credentials, henceforth giving rise to ethical challenges. On the other hand, improper utilization of these data by service providers might also pose a threat to the firm`s intellectual capital Szymczak (2013, p. 151). Concerning the work of Mosca and Bordelon (2017, pp. 152-163), it is noticed that the authors fail to point out examples of companies that face regular problems due to an excess of outsourcing. Additionally, there are no solutions mentioned in the journal that will help organizations to dissolve risky situations. However, Peck (2017, p. 388) lists a few more inconveniences of incorporating outsourcing as an active process within organizational structure: Hidden Costs: Although Auksztol and Chomuszko (2013, pp. 167-190), considers outsourcing to be cheaper than internally carried out activities, there exist several hidden costs that largely impacts it success. It is noted that a increase of expenditure will affect a firm`s budget. Further, complicated contracts and its unrevealed norms also impact SMEs. No Finance Sharing: With a growth of outsourcing across the corporate world, there has been a rise of service providers who take the concept to be a great source of business. Service providers tend to complete operations for organizations in exchange of a pre-paid compensation and involve in no further relationship, thus escaping financial loses (Molinelli and Paccagnella, 2013, pp. 65-78). Public Backlash: The modern generation consider outsourcing to be foreign aspect. It is noted that people with such a belief take no notice of companies that engage in such affairs. However, Mosca and Bordelon (2017, pp. 152-163) considers this factor to be nonexistent in the real world of business. Conclusion Outsourcing being a vast topic has been a subject of argument and debate for business experts over the past few years. Based on the report it can be inferred that the rise of this strategic aspect has not only lead to a growth of external service providers, but also has forced firms to reconsider the metric. Further, outsourcing as an individual has several norms and regulations that need to be taken into consideration by firms. As compared to complications, organizations can enjoy a large diversity of benefits offered by the concept. However, it is only with the construction, controlling and coordination of proper plans that an enterprise can enjoy the several advantages of outsourcing. On the other hand, it is also noticed that there exist a detailed discussion about the concept in the works of various authors. However, some of them fail to recognize important factors like SMEs, real situations and solutions in their books, articles or journals. References Auksztol, J., and Chomuszko, M. (2013). Business processes outsourcing: Origin and development.Zarza?dzanie I Finanse,pp. 167-190. Chou, S.W., Techatassanasoontorn, A.A. and Hung, I.H., (2015). Understanding commitment in business process outsourcing relationships.Information Management,52(1), pp. 30-43. Garrigos-Simon, F. J., Gil-Pechua?n, I., and Estelles-Miguel, S. (2015).Advances in crowdsourcing. Cham: Springer, p. 56. 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