The History Of Foreign Direct Investment Economics Essay

The history of Foreign Direct Investment can be traced back to the yearss of the colonial epoch. During the colonial yearss, there was the demand for an oversee investing every bit good as transportation of managerial accomplishments. This was due to the rough direction of the baby industries in Nigeria as at that clip. Right from independency in 1960, Nigeria recognized the importance of external finance in make fulling or lending to make full the domestic nest eggs spread, the foreign exchange spread and the engineering spread in development. It was non, until 1957, when the state becomes autonomous that a more positive action towards foreign capital and peculiarly Foreign Direct Investment replaced the laissez faire policy of the pure colonial epoch. Get downing from the twelvemonth, five Acts of Parliament provided a bundle of inducements for foreign investors. These include broad revenue enhancement vacations, accelerated depreciation allowances, market protection, freedom to convey in and repatriate capital and net incomes, and a more favorable and competitory environment. These were embodied in the Industrial Development ( Import Duties Relief ) Act 1957, the Industrial Development ( Income Tax Relief ) Act 1958, the Customs Duties ( Dumped and Subsidized Goods ) Act 1958, the imposts ( Draw back ) Regulations 1959 and the Income Tax ( Amendment ) Act 1959.DEFINITION OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTForeign Direct Investment can be defined as an investing that is made to get a permanent direction involvement in a concern endeavor operating in a state other than that of the investor defined harmonizing to residence World Bank ( 1996 ) . M. Sornarajah ( 2010 ) defined Foreign Direct Investment as â€Å" the transportation of touchable or intangible plus from one state to another for the intent of their usage in that state to bring forth wealth under the sum or partial control of the proprietor of the assets † . Okomoh ( 2004 ) described Foreign Direct Investment as non merely for the transportation of capital but besides widening an endeavor from its place state into foreign host state. Practically, Foreign Direct Investment means exerting corporate control over international boundaries.2.3 THEORIES OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTTheory of Foreign Direct Investment can be traced back to Hymer ( 1960 ) in his work â€Å" On Multinational Corporations and Foreign Direct Investment † , where he stated that â€Å" since autochthonal houses have better cognition of their local environment more than foreign houses, the latter will merely be able to vie if they possess other advantages to counterbalance for their disadvantages of operating in foreign sites † . Besides, foreign direct investings are common where imperfectnesss exist in a market. This means that the theory of perfect competition is non likely to work in instances Foreign Direct Investment. Theory of Foreign Direct Investment can therefore handily be explained under two classs: Micro ( Industrial Organisation ) theories ; and Macro-finance ( cost of capital ) theories. Harmonizing to Caves ( 1971 ) , the focal point is normally on market imperfectnesss, every bit good as the aspiration of Multinational Corporations to spread out their market power normally on market. Uniting micro and macro accounts, some theories had emerged justify Foreign Direct Investment from positions of the investment houses and the receiver economic systems.Theory OF FIRM EXPLANATIONHarmonizing to this theory, following Caves explanation before stated, a house will go on to put at place until optimal degree of investing at place is reached and farther investing will do Fringy Cost to be higher than Average Cost and monetary value per unit of end product. This theory thrives good utilizing the microeconomic behavior of houses. The decision of the account is that every bit long as the projected accrued hereafter net income borders warrants present outgo, a undertaking is said to be feasible. This theory is non realistic as it does non set into consideration export selling and behavior of Multinational Corporations that operates under progressive marketsINTANGIBLE ASSETS EXPLANATIONThe intangible assets explanation provinces that Foreign Direct Investment of the Multinationa l Corporations have some proprietary cognition or intangible assets such as engineering and techniques that guarantee efficiency, patents, designs, hallmarks, trade name names, trade secrets and know-how which other houses have no entree to. These assets possess similar features of ‘public goods ‘ in the sense that they can be exploited by different houses ( within the transnational system ) without consuming their utility. Because of this property of ‘Pareto Optimality ‘ , the usage of the proprietary assets can be optimized by spread outing abroad. For case, ‘Coke ‘ trade name name is recognized world-wide and Coca-Cola will do more return from the hallmark when more workss are constructed. It is of import to observe production for export can non be an alternate to locating a fabrication workss because of the transit cost associated with export every bit good as possibility of trade barriers. On whether a licensing understanding would hold been another option, the finding of royalty payment is ever really subjective, while authorities of developing states do hold terrible influence on such an option ; and many Multinational Corporations are non normally ready to portion such assets.

Kraft Foods M;a

Written Case Analysis On Case studied by: Case: Cadbury agrees, Kraft takeover bid Story: In 2009, the US food company  Kraft Foods launched a hostile bid for Cadbury, the UK-listed chocolate maker. Cadbury  is a popular British  confectionery  company and is the industry's second-largest globally after  Mars, Incorporated. It was acquired by Kraft Foods in January 19, 2010.As became clear almost exactly two years later in August 2011, Cadbury was the final acquisition necessary to allow  Kraft to be restructured and indeed split  into two companies by the end of 2012: a grocery business worth approximately $16bn; and a $32bn global snacks business. A â€Å"Krafty† Approach to Cadbury: Cadbury, founded by John Cadbury in 1824 in Birmingham, England, had also grown through mergers and demergers. When the Kraft Foods on September 7, 2009 made its first indicative takeover bid for Cadbury, it was rejected stating that it undervalued the company.It was rejected again on November 9, 2009 before the Cadbury agreed Kraft after launching a formal, hostile bid valuing the firm at ? 9. 8  billion on 19 January 2010. Pre-acquisition: Ownership of the company was 49 per cent from the US, despite its UK listing and headquarters. Only 5 per cent of its shares were owned by short-term traders at the time of the Kraft bid. The Response: The acquisition of Cadbury faced widespread disapproval from the British public, as well as groups and organizations including trade union, Unite.Unite estimated that a takeover by Kraft could put 30,000 jobs â€Å"at risk†. Controversially,  RBS, a bank 84% owned by the United Kingdom Government, funded the Kraft takeover. The Challenge: The challenge for Kraft was how to buy Cadbury when it was not for sale. Not only was Cadbury not for sale, but it actively resisted the Kraft takeover. Its first act was to brand the 745 pence-per-share offer â€Å"unattractive†, saying that it â€Å"fundamentally under valued the company†. The team made clear that even if the company had o succumb to an unwanted takeover, almost any other confectionery company (Nestle, Ferrero and Hershey) would be preferred as the buyer. In addition, Lord Mandelson, then the UK’s business secretary, publicly declared that the government would oppose any buyer who failed to â€Å"respect† the historic confectioner. Why Cadbury? * To extend the business : Location, markets, globalization * Change competitive structures: consolidation, remove competition, economies of scale * Improve business capabilities: Access better technology, stimulate innovation Post Acquisition:A few months after Kraft acquired Cadbury in an $18. 9-billion hostile takeover,  Sanjay Khosla, the head of Kraft's operations in developing markets, called the merger a marriage made in heaven. Not everyone at the Indian company will agree — certainly not the 20-odd senior executives across functions such as supply chain , sales, legal and finance who have resigned since the integration began.The nub of the problem, though, is that the Cadbury side of the operation feels it is not getting the attention it deserves for its dominant position in the Indian market. Revenues grew by 27% in 2010, making India one of the fastest-growing operations for Kraft globally. And Cadbury brands account for over 90% of revenues of roughly Rs 2,500 crore. Growth in the current year is expected to be even higher. Kraft, on the other hand, hasn't focused on India in the past, and is now trying to make up for lost time by riding on its more successful ally.

Lean Accounting

Essay Question 1 What are the main benefits and challenges of implementing a lean accounting system in a lean manufacturing environment? Do you anticipate interest in lean accounting will grow, the methods will change, or the concepts will fade out and be replaced with another ‘flavor of the month’? How do you perceive lean principles affecting your career? Justify your answers. I. Lean Accounting Lean accounting often refers to more simplified accounting practices that focuses on eliminating waste, reducing production lead time, and producing products on customer demand. But Lean accounting does not stand alone. It is enabled by lean thinking and lean production methods. And lean accounting not only needs lean manufacturing, it also facilitates lean manufacturing. 1 That’s why lean accounting is always related to, but not necessarily have to be associated with lean manufacturing. Here are some specific positive reasons that lean accounting is important. 1. Reduces time, cost, and waste by eliminating wasteful transactions and systems. 2. A better way to understand costs, product costs and value stream costs. 3. Provides information for better lean decision making. 4. Identifies the potential financial benefits of lean manufacturing improvements. 5. Frees up the time for finance people to work on lean improvement. 6. Focuses the business around the value-added activities created for customers. 2 II. Benefits of Implementing a Lean Accounting System in a Lean Manufacturing Environment According to the positive reasons that addressed above, companies can be benefited from implementing a lean accounting system in a lean manufacturing environment in several different ways. 1. Eliminate Waste One of the most important objectives of lean improvement is to eliminate waste from the non-value-added . Chapter 2, â€Å"Maturity Path to Lean Accounting†, Practical Lean Accounting. 2. Chapter 1, â€Å"Why Is Lean Accounting Important? †, Practical Lean Accounting. activities and processes of the company. Companies can save costs, free up capacity and improve product quality through eliminating waste. Generally, most of the reduced waste translate s into available capacity. Then, companies can make good use of the freed up capacity to generate financial benefits. If the reduced waste saves costs, companies can reinvest the saved working capital into the business and make improvements in production. 2. Better Lean Decision Making Lean accounting methods for decision-making revolve around an understanding of the flow of production through the value streams, and the effect of these decisions on the value stream profitability and contribution. Why we need to manage the business through the value streams? It was repeatedly stressed that the primary importance in lean is the focus on the flow of the product from the customer order to its final delivery. 3 We can clearly analyze the performance of the company through three parts on a box score, i. e. , operational performance, capacity usage, financial performance. Then, it’s easy, clear, and quick to make decisions upon the specific information we need. Especially, the advantages are that we can change some of the information to see how they will affect the profitability and margin, like some of the exercise we did with the outsourcing decision, and the financial information is up to date, often to the current week. 4 3. Time Freed up Employees are often categorized into different value streams so that the time of employee has been freed up by lean accounting, meaning that companies produce the same level of product or services with fewer employees. And finance people do not have to spend a lot of time preparing the financial statements, because it’s simpler and straightforward, forecasting and budgeting. Another way to conclude is employees’ work efficiency has been improved. Companies will save money if labor cost is reduced, as labor cost is usually the highest expense in the companies. The freed up time not only saves cost, but also can be devoted to lean improvements to pursue the goal of continuous improvement. In addition, companies can use the available time to cross-train employees and create them more skilled. . Chapter 7, â€Å"Managing by Value Stream†, Practical Lean Accounting. 4. SMA (2) _Lean Accounting, Decision Making, P23. III. Challenges of Implementing a Lean Accounting System in a Lean Manufacturing Environment Although there are more benefits from the implementation of lean accounting, the challenges do exist. There are always two sides to a thing. And we can’t avoid some challe nges during the implementation process. 1. Senior Management Initiative This is the most critical part when implementing lean accounting in a lean manufacturing environment. Lean implementation across the company will not be successful if senior management is not fully committed. The same situation in Who’s Counting? , the company won’t achieve anything if the executives are not fully supportive. And there will be conflicts between different departments, because they are not on the same boat. 2. Short-term Profitability Companies may find out that there is no short-term financial improvement after implementing lean. And this causes comments such as: â€Å"We see wonderful results in operations, but they don’t show up in the financial statements. If lean is so great, why doesn’t it hit the bottom line? †5 So lean accounting faces with the challenge that how to present and convince the executive team with different perspective and make sure they don’t give up transforming into lean in the very beginning formation of lean. 3. Traditional Accounting System Stand in the Way For those companies who have already on the right track, it’s harmful for companies to still use the traditional accounting methods. There is a very common example of this problem. Using the traditional accounting methods do not show the financial benefit of lean manufacturing, especially hen there is a sudden reduction in inventory level which has a negative effect on company’s profitability. IV. Future of Lean Accounting Before this course, I didn’t even hear about lean accounting. But, after learning this new concept via different channels, I personally prefer the idea of lean accounting than traditional accounting. Now, people desperately find ways to make things simpler, and easier to understand and use. So, in my opinion, the future for lean accounting is promising in that it saves time and energy, provides understandable information for all others besides the finance . Chapter 4, â€Å"Financial Benefits of Lean Manufacturing†, Practical Lean Accounting. people, and is value-added. Lean production is a model for the future—it may well become an essential element of a sustainable global strategy. As Henry Ford so aptly noted, â€Å"Customers cannot be expected to pay for waste, nor can a worker be paid very much for producing waste. †6 Lean is all about eliminating waste and creates value for both customers and the companies. But there are some problems when it comes to the time needed to completely transform into lean. Recall this issue from Who’s Counting? , it takes time to implement lean accounting and see the anticipated outcome from it. And a most critical problem is that lean accounting requires proper environment, i. e. , a lean manufacturing environment, to work out. However, everything takes time and has its disadvantages. Maybe some changes will be added to it and make it happen without these problems. In a word, the best future for lean accounting will be figured out through more and more companies joining the implementation of lean accounting and those companies wanting the change. V. Lean Principles Affect the Career The five lean principles, to be simplified, are 1) Customer value; 2) Define the value stream; 3) Create flow; 4) Create pull; 5) Continuous improvement. From my understanding, I think these principles can be concluded by a concept in lean thinking, i. e. , PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act). First of all, there should be a short-term or long-term plan for my career. And the core objective is to create value for the work and the company. Second, implement those plans instead of just thinking; find the root cause to solve problems instead of running away from them; be proactive in work, that is to say, don’t wait others to push me move forward. Third, constantly check whether I am on my way towards the ultimate goal in my career and make changes accordingly. Fourth, be strict with myself. The organization should continuously strive itself to become better and better. So do I. I have to make progress every day in order to adapt to the changing environment. Seeking perfection can be the ultimate goal both in career and in life. 6. SMA _Lean Enterprise, Conclusion, P28. Bibliography [1] Tyler Lacoma, Demand Media, Accounting Differences with Lean vs. Traditional Manufacturing [2] Dan Antony, Demand Media, Benefits of Lean Accounting in a Lean Manufacturing Company [3] Dan Woods, Lean Accounting’s Fat Problem, 07/28/2009 [4] John Cleveland, Benefits of lean in the accounting department, Feb, 2005 [5] Brain Maskell; Bruce Baggaley, Practical Lean Accounting [6] SMA _Lean Enterprise; SMA _Lean Accounting [7] Karen M. Kroll, The Lowdown on Lean Accounting—A new way of looking at the numbers, Journal of Accountancy, July 2004

Career Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Career Counseling - Essay Example It is also evident from the case that Randall has always been competitive and career oriented in his approach. Thus it is a very hard for Randall to overcome the accident and lead a normal life. Even the effects of the accident have taken a greater toll on the physical as well as mental abilities of Randall. But still it can be viewed that Randall have the desire within himself that gave him much required confidence. Though life after the accident would not be the same again but his attitude made it lot easier for him to lead life. Personal performances and accomplishments have considerable connection with that of efficacy. Even outcome expectations and personal goals play great role. Randall wanted to become an aeronautical engineer and was preparing for it but the accident turned away his attention from studies because it was quite taxing for him. But still it is known that Randall opted for CADD (Computer Aided Drafting and Design) after the incident and wanted to lead a simple li fe. He also felt that he was not different from others in any aspect. His optimism was one factor that made him more strong and confident. Determination and achievement are the other foundations of the social cognitive learning theory. The determination of Randall to achieve something after going through so much of turbulence is one such example. The social cognitive learning theory has both strengths and limitations but with bilateral perceptions. It depends a lot on the situation as well as the mind frame of the learner. It provides a more flexible focus on the development of the learner. The three bases which are efficacy, expectations and goals are three internal factors of the learner. Thus it is only with the learner’s willingness along with proper counseling that could turn the limitations into the learner’s advantage. Cultural approach only comes to play when there is any problem in relation with that of culture and the environment in a broader aspect.

Neurobehavioural Science Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Neurobehavioural Science - Assignment Example The assignment "Neurobehavioural Science" analyzes the article which provides an overview of the study by UT Southwestern Medical Center in which the researchers tried to ascertain the link between hunger hormone ghrelin and increased intake of high calorie and high-fat foods in times of stress. This article helps to explain the cause of increased eating and subsequent obesity in those subjected to psychosocial stress. The study was performed on animal models, mice and the results of the study extended to human beings. Ghrelin is a hormone that is released from the gastrointestinal tract and the hormone sends hunger signals to the brain making the individual eat food. In the past, it has been shown that ghrelin levels elevate during chronic stress and elevation of the hormone levels lead to decreased anxiety and depression. In the mice models used in the study, it was found that raised ghrelin levels during stress led to increased body weight secondary to overeating. This clue helps in the prevention of obesity in those who are suffering from stress. The article elaborates as to how the study was conducted, how the mouse model was developed and also how they have subjected to stress. A mouse model was developed for the determination of hormones and also to ascertain the parts of the brain that may be playing a role in the control of eating behaviors that are more complex, especially those secondary to stress, which leads to eating of comfort foods that are rich in high calories and high fats.

Appraise Project Management Process Groups Essay

Appraise Project Management Process Groups - Essay Example The executing group enhances timely dissemination of information to the stakeholders, for quick decision making and timely end of the project (Dinsmore & Cabanis-Brewin, 2011). In fact, the executing process group implements the cost management policies, integration management policies, procurement management policies and other policies made in the planning process. Consequently, human resource management is well taken care of in then executing the group of project management process. Controlling activities aim at monitoring the execution of the project. Controlling process group monitors the project performance. Controlling activities can be applied in monitoring the cost management, procurement management, the human resource management and other types of management in a project. In case of any deviation from the main objective, adjustments are made to fix the problem. Controlling process aids in the timely application of risk management strategies to cover future uncertainties. The controlling group coordinates the alterations that may arise in course of the project. Additionally, the controlling process group keeps a close check on the performance of all the stakeholders to determine whether they work in conformity to the project’s objective. Closure of the project process is the last group. This project management process involves the termination of all activities. The process validates the completion of the project. The elements of this group are management and project closeout procedure.

Organisations and Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organisations and Behaviour - Essay Example Within the six years, the company has opened subsidiaries in Germany, Scandinavia, France, Ireland, Alpine, and Benelux. The company invests heavily in motivating its staff, and, as a result, it has the lowest rate of staff turnover and receives numerous job applications annually (Food manufacture.co.uk, 2005). This case study examines how the management of Innocent Drinks applies different motivation theories within its organisational structure to build the highly motivated and winning team. Application of Motivational Theories in Workplace The remarkable success of Innocent Drinks is a reflection of the company’s organisational structure and culture. The company’s management places emphasis on staff motivation, but, unlike other contemporary organisations, it integrates motivational theories with a personalised approach that caters for the needs of every employee in the organisation (Food manufacture.co.uk, 2005). The importance of highly motivated staff cannot be ove remphasised in the contemporary organisations. Consequently, organisations apply different motivational theories in order to enhance performance and commitment of the employees to achieve the company’s strategic goals. ... In regard to this theory, human beings have five hierarchical needs, and when one of them is satisfied, people become motivated to achieve other unmet needs (Shaw2007, p.92). In an organisation set-up, it is important for the management to identify the unmet needs of every employee in order to devise methods of motivating them. The five needs in Maslow’s theory are physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualisation. Physiological needs include food, clothing, and other necessities (Thomas, 2000, pp.34-36). When physiological needs are fulfilled, the person’s need for safety becomes more urgent, and the sequence continues until the person attains self-actualization. Hertzberg’s motivation theory is also based on meeting the needs of the employee. The theory classifies employees’ needs into two categories, namely motivational and hygiene needs (Robbins, 2001, p.73). Motivational needs include opportunities that enhance achievement, recognition, ex citing assignments, responsibility, and growth and development of the employee. Hygiene factors include relationship with the supervisors, colleagues, compensation, the organisations policy, and administration in addition to the prevailing working conditions. Reinforcement theory emphasises on the role of rewards and punishment in influencing motivation of the employees. Expectancy theory affirms the critical role that inherent characteristics in an employee play in influencing motivation. These include personality, experience, and skills (Robbins, 2001, pp.106-117). In any working place, workers have different needs and interests, and the most challenging work for managers is establishing

Bar built estuaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Bar built estuaries - Essay Example An example for this is the East Matagorda Bay. Bar-built estuaries are also found in The Netherlands. Estuaries found in North Carolina are also the examples of bar-built estuaries; for example Albemarle Sound and Pamlico Sound. Bar-built estuaries are semi-isolated from ocean waters through the barrier beaches found between estuaries and oceans. Barrier spits and barrier islands are located between estuaries and oceans. As barrier beaches get formed they partially encircle the estuary allowing only small inlets to allow contacts between estuaries and ocean waters. Bar-built estuaries usually get formed over gently sloping plains placed along tectonically stable boundaries of marginal sea coasts and continents. The barrier beaches that encircle bar-built estuaries are formed in numerous ways. Wave action causes the formation of offshore bars. Here, the sand from the seafloor gets accumulated in extended bars parallel to the shoreline. This forms barrier beaches. Reformation of sediment discharge from rivers through current, wave, and wind action causes the formation of barrier beaches. Mainland beach ridges get engulfed because of the rise in sea level. This led to the breaking of the ridges and flooding of the coastal lowlands. Shallow lagoons get formed as a result. This contributes to the formation of barrier beaches. Extension of barrier spits through the erosion of headlands also form barrier beaches. Barrier beaches get created in shallow water. They are mostly parallel to the shoreline. This leads to the formation of long narrow estuaries. Water depth of these estuaries is between 5 m and 10 m. Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, Pamlico Sound, North Carolina and Laguna Madre, Texas are some of the examples of bar-built estuaries. Scientists have made use of variety of criteria to classify estuaries. Previously they used to classify estuaries based on the rate of fresh water, evaporation.

Chapter 6- selection employee Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chapter 6- selection employee - Assignment Example Issuing application forms, this helps one to know the qualifications of the applicant using documentation, the put in information about their past and present job experiences, their personal information like age, addresses, likes, and marital status. The application forms can also be used as evidence incase documentation is needed. Most employers use application forms during interviews as basis questions such as the former employees and working experience. I would also recommend that the dean employ the use of interviews in the process of finding a good candidate for the post of Human Resource professor, this would be very effective if he followed the right procedure in the interview. Using the candidate’s application form during the interview would be very effective in clarification on some pieces of information that one may not get right. Interview is also effective in getting information about the applicant; this is the information that was not contained in the application form. There is also the possibility of using ability tests on the applicants, these kind of tests are use to determine the applicants abilities and skills in certain fields, this is very effective since it helps to know some added information about the applicant. This might some co-curricular skill that they may possess, these tests can be issued inform of pencil and paper tests or job tests, those that may include more of physical input. However, this depends on certain factors, for example, in the case of a human resource officer, and one applicant is elderly and obviously not as strong as their young and energetic counterpart, I would not advice the dean to employ the use of job tests that require so much physical input since it may favor one of the applicants. The pass mark in this type of job application can be lowered or heightened depending on the number of applicants and their scores. One should be very careful when giving out this kind of job application method; it is advis able that they have very clear skills of judgment, in the case of a HR professor; the applicant should have exemplary socialization skills, speech, listening, conflict resolution, and mediation. These would be an added advantage in the job. In this case, I would advise the dean to employ the use of pencil and paper test, or in the case of job tests, I would ask them to solve different types of disputes among the students and judge who is the most effective in it. For the post, I would recommend an applicant who is joyful and does not drug their personal problems to work since it may alter with their work, especially because it involves constant interaction with people. Temperamental people would not be recommended for this job. As much as the use of interview is recommended in job applications so that the employer should have good personal exchange with the candidate, it has its shortcomings, these shortcoming s mainly come with the interviewer. The interviews in most cases lack sub jects and structure, such shortcomings may bring about mistakes such as difference in the questions asked to the applicants which may then cause rate error, whereby it is hard to weigh the amount of marks one should offer on certain questions, and since the questions were different to every employer, it may cause biasness. It may also be different to come up with the most appropriate person for the job since most of the interviewers have different opinions about the performance of the candidate. Some people tend to like certain

A Class Struggle in Desperate Times Essay Example for Free

A Class Struggle in Desperate Times Essay John Steinbeck’s novel entitled The Grapes of Wrath is a story which depicts the spirit and dignity of a person during the most desperate of situations. The novel is a fictional account of the life of the Joad family on their way to the Promised Land of California from the Dust Bowl in Oklahoma during the 1930s (Steinbeck 2). The family, similar to several other sharecroppers and farmers living in Arkansas, Texas, Oklahoma, and other states at the time of the dust bowl and the Great Depression were forced to leave their lands (Steinbeck 3). When it was first published in April 14, 1939, it quickly became a bestselling novel (Steiner 2). Although there were those who criticized the novel for apparently being basically sentimental and still others dismissed it as another example of social journalism or documentation more than it is a novel, most critics recognize the literary value of Steinbeck’s work. In fact, the author even received a Pulitzer Prize for his work the following year (Steiner 2). The novel is an attack on capitalism as it is about the plight of the migrant workers. It condemned cruel industrialism and monopoly capitalism (Choi 90). The theme of finding a home entwined with the political issues of the time is of the essence. This is because even though the story primarily has a political undertone, the author nevertheless explores the reason behind the migration of people, how they struggle to find their new homes while seeking to find out how it can really be done. The novel was written at a time the United States was struggling to survive a severe economic depression (Steinbeck 3). People all over the country have practically lost everything they own. The farming areas located at the Midwest experienced the worst consequence of such crisis. Soil depletion was brought about by poor farming practices. As a result, farmers who depend on it for survival were forced to seek for other ways to support their families. Moreover, the prices as well as markets for the crops have dropped. These events produced a significant change in agriculture of the region. Small farm lands merged with bigger and more commercial ones. Manual labor has been replaced by mechanical means. The country experienced dry soil erosion brought about by mighty wind blows and endured serious food crisis during middle part of the 1930s. The condition produced what came to be known as the â€Å"dust bowl† in Colorado, Kansa, Texas, and Oklahoma. The farmers together with their families were driven out of the land they depend on for years of survival. They traveled all the way to California, whose fertile land presents the promise of a better life. Unfortunately, life in the so-called Promised Land has not been good to them either. They suffered oppression, resentment, low wages, and unemployment. They were accused as communist in a land they counted on to rescue them from the ill-fated life they left back home (Steinbeck 3). Steinbeck traveled with the migrants to gain a first-hand experience of the unfortunate life they had to live. In writing the novel, the author sought more than just to illustrate the class struggle at the time of the Great Depression. He even presented a critical analysis of the policies that had been the root cause of their misfortune. In this regard, the characters portrayed in the story usually come out as classic heroes or romanticized models. He did this on purpose instead of utilizing his characters to investigate the individual human psyche. Rather, he presents his characters as personification of the universal struggles and principles of the human race. Hence, The Grapes of Wrath serves as an account of the Great Depression as it was an assessment of the social and fiscal system that contributed to the emergence of this particular period in American history. Works Cited Choi, Jungsun. â€Å"John Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath: Home-Seeking and the Ambiguity of the Ending. † Journal of British American Studies 14 (2006): 89-110. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Penguin, 2002. Steiner, Bernd. A Survey of John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath. † Munich: GRIN Verlag, 2007.

The Boollywood Actor Shah Rukh Khan Film Studies Essay

The Boollywood Actor Shah Rukh Khan Film Studies Essay Success of My Name Is Khan: My Name Is Khan was not only big hit in India but also proved to be biggest bollywood opening in many foreign countries. Movie showed biggest Shah Rukh opening in India as well as in biggest weekend opening in United Kingdom and United States of America. Movie was directed by director and friend of Shah Rukh Khan, Karan Johar and actress in lead role was Kajol. Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol have given many big hits movies to bollywood which earned in country as well as in foreign countries. Such heroics were not on Shah Rukhs mind when he started preparing for the role of Rizvan, a character who turns into a Forrest Gumpian folk hero while journeying across the States and attempts to make America see the errors of stereotyping Islam. Rizvans journey takes him from the 30,000-strong town of Banville in California to the 204-strong village of Wilhelmina in Georgia. For the character of Rizwan Khan, Shah Rukh Khan prepared himself by reading the various books, wat ching documentaries and he also met two youngsters who were suffering from Aspergers Syndrome and recorded himself in the character and watching himself on screen in his bathroom-cum-video projection room, and even followed a man with the disorder around San Francisco for two days. He learned well and there was no stardom in role and it was a role of simple guy who have even trouble in looking people in the eye. His character was much alike a penguin and it was completely different from his previous movie he has ever done in his career. The character he played, Rizvan Khan was a cosmetics-salesman-cum-repairman who suffers from Aspergers Syndrome and his life changes dramatically after 9/11 attack. He proved himself once again with playing such a character that he is really King Khan of Bollywood. His movie My Name Is Khan was a big success worldwide because of the role he played so well. on nationalism: Shah Rukh Khan has always got the pride in the secular nation as well as a good Muslim. Shah Rukh Khan follows his religion with cosmopolitan ease but it is certainly one of the reasons that he is embraced so warmly in the Middle East, Indonesia and Malaysia. Comment which Shah Rukh Khan had made taking side of Pakistani player that should have been selected for the Indian Premier League made big issue and it was not easy for him to tackle with it. He was out of the city with his wife Gauri Khan during the first protest in the Mumbai while his mother in law was at home with his children and also his sister was at home so he was very worried about them and got too emotional. Saamna editorial asked him to go to Karachi and Islamabad to play cricket with the Pakistanis to Uddhav Thackeray comparing him to Ajmal Kasab when he said, Kasab and Shah Rukh are the most secure people in Mumbai. Shah Rukh Khan did not bend his knees in front of Shiv Sena and country accepted him by making his movie a big hit of the year. Karan Johar was happy with the fact Shah Rukh Khan tackled the conditions which was a heroic act taken by him in real life standing against people who were trying to prove him wrong while he had not done anything wrong. About Shah Rukh Khan: Shah Rukh Khan is star icon of bollywood and the richest as well. He is the star in todays date who can make a movie success only because with his name. He is having maximum millions of the fans across the world. He had started his film debut with movie Deewana in year 1992 and after that he never looked behind and emerged a big star with his movies earning good profits. He had started his career on television with serials in late 1980s. He is not only popular among Indian audience but his movies also earn a good amount in foreign countries as well. Shah Rukh Khan is at age of 44 now and working in bollywood from about last two decades. He has won thirteen film fare awards for his quality work in Indian movies out of which seven are in the best actor category which shows his quality of acting. Some of his movies are biggest hits of bollywood like Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Chak De India, Om Shanti Om and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi while some of t he movies like Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, Kal Ho Naa Ho, Veer-Zaara and Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna have been top-grossing Indian productions abroad which made him most successful actor of India. He started film production and television presentation in year 2000. He is founder and owner of two production companies Dreamz Unlimited and Red Chillies Entertainment which are continuously active in various entertainment activities. Other than acting he has produced many movies as well like Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani, Asoka, Chalte Chalte, Main Hoon Na, Kaal, Paheli, Om Shanti Om, Billu and currently producing Ra. 1. He is also a playback singer as he has sung song in various movies. His journey is still continues as bollywoods most successful star and he is still aiming to go much far in his career. He is real star icon and his name is Khan.

Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus Subtilis

Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus Subtilis Motivation: Many important problems in cell biology require the dense nonlinear interactions between functional modules to be considered. The importance of computer simulation in understanding cellular processes is now widely accepted, and a variety of simulations algorithms useful for studying certain subsystems have been designed. 1 introduction Human and animal needs vitamins and minerals to help in the growth of the body and prevent disease, obtained from food or supplements. For example, an important vitamin is riboflavin and Riboflavin is water-soluble vitamins also sources of riboflavin are milk, meat, fish, fruits and vegetables. Diets that do not contain riboflavin or poor riboflavin cause serious health problems. For example, a disorder of the digestive system, heart disease and blood vessels. Riboflavin deficiency may also cause cancer. The name riboflavin comes from ribose (the sugar whose reduced form, ribitol, forms part of its structure) and flavin, the ring-moiety which imparts the yellow color to the oxidized molecule (from Latin flavus, yellow). The reduced form, which occurs in metabolism along with the oxidized form, is colorless. Riboflavin has been used in several clinical and therapeutic situations. For over 30 years, riboflavin supplements have been used as part of the phototherapy treatment of neonatal jaundice. The light used to irradiate the infants breaks down not only bilirubin, the toxin causing the jaundice, but also the naturally occurring riboflavin within the infants blood, so extra supplementation is necessary. Riboflavin is a yellow substance which was isolated in 1879. Riboflavin name comes from ribose sugar substance and also characterized by yeast an excellent dietary source. In addition, it contains two factors which are aide Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and a Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) (Daniel, 2012). 2 Background It has been pointed out by (Bretzel, et al.1999) and recently been produced commercially by riboflavin chemical manufacturing or by fermentation, where the production of riboflavin with a purity of at least 97-98% of foodstuffs and medicines. In addition, scientists biological prefer to biological and chemical manufacturing and much more than manufacturing because of the many advantages. For example, low material cost, low waste and energy requirements due to the use of renewable energy. It has been producing a large amount of riboflavin from many organisms’ example of the use of fungi, yeast and bacteria Bacillus Subtilis (Li Wu, Q, 2007). Research indicated that since 30 years the world’s consumption of riboflavin equivalent of 1.25 Ãâ€" 106 kg per year. However, the amount of riboflavin are currently more than 3.000 tons per year (Han Lim, et al.2001). Bacillus Subtilis is a gram positive, aerobic bacteria that converts glucose directly to riboflavin. Cell metabolisms are highly dependent on environmental conditions, so the metabolic state often shifts during the cultivation period. Characterizing the transience of metabolic fluxes is important for understanding how cells responded to environmental changes. (Boyle NR, Morgan JA, 2009) Fig. 1.Riboflavin synthesis reactions As the provide chart (Riboflavin synthesis reactions) shows, riboflavin bio-product of the yeast start from Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and there are two molecules of ribulose-5-phosphate, which leads to the production of riboflavin with enzymes encoded with RIB1, RIB2, RIB4, RIB5, RIB7 and FMN1 names which helps in the production of Flavin mononucleotide also Flavin adenine dinucleotide by enzyme FAD. Moreover, ribose involved in the production of riboflavin with 3 parts of 4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-P and 6 parts of 7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl) lumazine. 3 methods 3.1 In-silico (computational) model In silico models have prompted considerable interest and debate because of their potential value in predicting the properties of chemical substances for regulatory purposes. The European REACH legislation promotes innovation and encourages the use of alternative methods, but in practice the use of in silico models is still very limited. (Benfenati E. and others, 2011) 3.2 Conceptual modelling – ER diagram Conceptual modeling is a way of carrying out an analysis of a system in order to identify the types of things in the system, the actual instances of those things and the relationships between those things. Entity relationship (ER) modeling is a conceptual modeling approach commonly used in Computer Science to model a domain for the development of a database. However, ER modeling provides a useful approach to starting to think about models of biological systems. 3.3 Biological network analysis and construction using Cytoscape Cytoscape platform providing a full feature set for biological network analysis. It is an open source software platform for visualizing molecular interaction networks and biological pathways and integrating these networks with annotations, gene expression profiles and other state data. Although Cytoscape was originally designed for biological research, now it is a general platform for complex network analysis and visualization. Cytoscape core distribution provides a basic set of features for data integration, analysis, and visualization. 3.4 Exploring integrated networks using String and Ondex The Ondex is a data integration platform which enables data from diverse biological data sets to be linked, integrated and visualised through graph analysis techniques. Ondex uses a rich and flexible core data structure, which has the ability to bring together information from structured databases and unstructured sources such as biological sequence data and free text. Ondex also allows users to visualize and analyze the integrated data. Ondex is free and open-source software. STRING is a database of known and predicted protein interactions. The interactions include direct (physical) and indirect (functional) associations. Together String and Ondex are very useful in case of exploring integrated networks and simulation. 3.5 Dynamic modeling using SBML SBML is neutral with respect to programming languages and software encoding; however, its oriented towards allowing models to be encoded using XML. By supporting SBML as a format for reading and writing models, different software tools (including programs for building and editing models, simulation programs, databases, and other systems) can directly communicate and store the same computable representation of those models. This removes an impediment to sharing results and permits other researchers to start with an unambiguous representation of the model, examine it carefully, propose precise corrections and extensions, and apply new techniques and approaches — in short, to do better science (Rhoads DG, Pring M, 1998) 3.6 RuleBender and BioNetGen and a rule-based language for modelling biochemical reactions Modern biological experiments generate large amounts of data describing intracellular dynamics. Rule-based languages for describing intracellular biochemistry allow for the construction and simulation of detailed models with unprecedented scope and precision. Rule-based Models can be used to suggest new hypotheses and new ideas for future experimentation. Rule-based models can be difficult to understand and time consuming to debug. RuleBender is a free tool for constructing, debugging, simulating and analyzing rule-based biological models in the BioNetGen language. 3.7 Flux Balance Analysis using OptFlux Flux balance analysis is a mathematical approach for analyzing the flow of metabolites through a metabolic network. (Jeffrey D. Orth at el, 2010). OptFlux is an open-source and modular software to support in silico metabolic engineering tasks aimed at being the reference computational application in the field. 3.8 Stochastic simulation algorithm using BioNetGen Stochastic Simulation Algorithm (GSSA) and its variants are cornerstone techniques to simulate reaction kinetics in situations where the concentration of the reactant is too low to allow deterministic techniques such as differential equations. To generate a network in advance of a simulation, which may subsequently be carried out either by numerically solving ODEs or by implementing a stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) (Gillespie, 2007) 4 Results 4.1 Ribose and Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) The non-specific precursors of riboflavin biosynthesis which are commonly used are guanosine triphosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate. Ribose and Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is biologically responsible for the production of riboflavin with the help of enzymes (RIB1, RIB2, RIB4, RIB5, RIB7) that catalyze reactions to produced riboflavin, with help of (FMN) to produced Flavin mononucleotide. After that, produced Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). It also has the role of a source of energy or an activator of substrates in metabolic reactions, like that of ATP, but more specific. It is used as a source of energy for protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis. GTP is essential to signal transduction, in particular with G-proteins, in second-messenger mechanisms where it is converted to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) through the action of GTPases. Rib A helps stimulate the production of riboflavin and direct link between the other proteins. In addition, is responsible for the outputs of the biochemical processes. Fig. 2.Rib A Simulation Fig. 3. Metal Phosphate Simulation Metal Phosphate, which is linked to a protein. Motivating force proton transfer of phosphate is associated. Thus, the transfer of the phosphate group of phosphate, ATP to amino acids. In conclusion, it is easy to extract the pure biological industries inexpensive and riboflavin without toxic substances. Therefore, it is expected in the future production of large amounts of riboflavin and faster by yeasts and fungi away from harmful chemicals. 4.2 Dynamic modelling of Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis using SBML Riboflavin synthase catalyzes the transformation of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine into riboflavin in the last step of the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway. Gram-negative bacteria and certain yeasts are unable to incorporate riboflavin from the environment and are therefore absolutely dependent on endogenous synthesis of the vitamin. (Markus F. et at, 204) Provided a strategy for developing and implementing genome-scale metabolic models. Simultaneous growth and riboflavin overproduction using Bacillus subtilis were investigated using Michaelis-Menten enzyme reaction model using different modern software packages for computer biochemical systems simulation. Fig. 4.Riboflavin Wild Type Simulation of Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis After re-simulating Riboflavin level has been changed. The added reactions corresponds to a sharper transition of riboflavin level from the beginning of the simulated riboflavin function. Fig. 5.Riboflavin Wild Type Simulation of Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis 4.3 RuleBender and BioNetGen Riboflavin simulation Rule-based modeling involves the representation of molecules as structured objects and molecular interactions as rules for transforming the attributes of these objects. Fig. 6.Simulation of Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis using RuleBender The approach allows systematic incorporation of site-specific details about protein-protein interactions into a model for the dynamics of cell regulatory networks, including processes involving cell signaling, gene regulation, and metabolism. The consequences of protein-protein interactions are difficult to specify and track with a conventional modeling approach because of the large number of protein phosphoforms and protein complexes that these interactions potentially generate. Here, we demonstrate how a rule-based model is specified in the BioNetGen language (BNGL) using the RuleBender interface and demonstrate how models can be visualized, simulated, and analyze. 4.4 Riboflavin Flux Balance Analysis Provided a strategy for developing and implementing genome-scale metabolic models. Calculated Synthesis and Biomass Flux values. Simultaneous growth and riboflavin overproduction using Bacillus Subtilis were investigated using Michaelis-Menten enzyme reaction SBML model and OptFlux Software Platform for Metabolic Engineering. Fig. 7.Wild Type Simulation of Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis using OptFlux Fig. 8.Riboflavin Synthesis and Biomass Flux Values 4.5 Using the SSA with BioNetGen Which Type of Model to use ODE or SSA? At low molecule numbers: use stochastic model. At high molecule numbers: both types of simulation can be used, but SSA might require more â€Å"computing power† than the ODE simulation. When the number of molecules is high SSA behaves like ODE. A chemical reaction model can be converted into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the law of mass action. This law states that the rate of a reaction is its rate constant times the concentration of the reactants raised to the power of their stoichiometry. A better method for reasoning about genetic circuits is to utilize Gillespie’s stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) (Gillespie, 1977). There are several variants of the SSA. This paper uses the direct method, which is shown in Algorithm 1. The SSA takes a chemical reaction network model, M, and computes a time series simulation ÃŽ ±. The SSA is essentially a Monte Carlo algorithm, which treats each reaction as a random event. For the SSA convert concentration to molecule number is using the formula: (1) Where is number of molecules, is concentration, is the Avogadro’s constant and is cell volume. Avogadro’s constant = 6.221023 Table 2. Riboflavin Enzymes convert concentration to molecule number |Enzyme| Value C Value n R5P 5e-07 5 RibA 2e-07 2 D2B4P 5e-07 5 RibH 5e-07 5 RibE 2e-07 2 Fig. 9. Simulating Riboflavin using the SSA with BioNetGen Fig. 10. Simulating Riboflavin using the SSA with BioNetGen CONCLUSION Provided a strategy for developing and implementing genome-scale metabolic models. Calculated synthesis and biomass flux values. Simultaneous growth and riboflavin overproduction using Bacillus Subtilis were investigated using Michaelis-Menten enzyme reaction SBML. An in-silico model of riboflavin biosynthesis in B. subtilis has been successfully developed. Designed the strategy for efficient producing of riboflavin in B. subtilis. The Riboflavin biosynthesis modeling has done using stochastic simulation algorithm. Presented methodology of Riboflavin biosynthesis modeling simulation using such software complexes as: RuleBender and BioNetGen, OptFlux, String and Ondex. Designed dynamic modelling of Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis using SBML language. References Benfenati E., Oonella Diaza R., Cassano A., Pardoe S., Gini GM Mays C., KnaufR., Benighaus L. (2011) The acceptance of in silico models for REACH: Requirements, barriers, and perspectives, Chemistry Central Journal, Vol 5, pp 58. http://joumal.chemistry central com/content/5/1/58. Boyle NR, Morgan JA (2009) Flux balance analysis of primary metabolism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BMC Syst Biol 3: 4 Bretzel, W Schurter, W Ludwig B, Kupfer, E Doswald, S Pfister, M van Loon, A (1999). Commercial riboflavin production by recombinant Bacillus Subtilis: down-stream processing and comparison of the composition of riboflavin produced by fermentation or chemical synthesis. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. Issue 1, pp 19-26. Chem. 58, 36-57 Feng X, Xu Y, Chen Y, Tang YJ (2012) Integrating flux balance analysis into kinetic models to decipher the dynamic metabolism of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. PLoS Comput Biol 8: e1002376 Gillespie, D. T. (1977). Exact stochastic simulation of coupled chemical reactions. J. Phys. Chem. 81, 2340–2361. Gillespie, D. T. (2007) Stochastic simulation of chemical kinetics. Annu. Rev. Phys. Han Lim, S Soo, J Enoch, Y. (Ed.) (2001). Microbial Production of Riboflavin Using Riboflavin Overproducers, Ashbya gossypii, Bacillus Subtilis, and Candida famate: An Overview. Jeffrey D Orth, Ines Thiele, and Bernhard ØPalsson. What is flux balance analysis? Nature biotechnology, 28(3):245– 8, March 2010. Li Wu, Q Chen, T Gan, Y Chen, X Ming Zhao, X (2007). Optimization of riboflavin production by recombinant Bacillus Subtilis RH44 using statistical designs. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. Issue 4, pp 783-794. Markus F., Werner R., Sabine S., Boris I., Gerald Richter, Felix R., Wolfgang E., Adelbert B. (2004) â€Å"Evolution of vitamin B2 biosynthesis: structural and functional similarity between pyrimidine deaminases of eubacterial and plant origin.†, J. Biol. Chem., vol. 279, no. 35 Rhoads DG, Pring M. The simulation and analysis by digital computer of biochemical systems in terms of kinetic models. IV. Automatic derivation of enzymic rate laws. J Theor Biol. 1998 Sep;20(3):297–313. Sauer U., Hatzimanikatis V., Bailey J.E., Hochuli M., Szyperski T., Wà ¼thrich K. (1997) Metabolic fluxes in riboflavin-producing Bacillus subtilis. Nat. Biotechnol. 15, 448–452. Stolz, J (2012). Riboflavin. http://www.nutrition.tum.de/index.php?id=115L=1 (29oct. 2014). 1 [*]To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manage the Cultural Differences while Working with People from other Cu

Nowadays, as we all notice that the world is getting flatter. More and more people are getting the chance to work with people from other culture. It is not only limited to the people from the developed countries like Americans and Europeans. People in the developing countries are also open to the opportunity to work with people from other culture. Understanding that culture difference is heavily rooted in people’s everyday behavior is only the first step to get to work with people. Coping the way foreigners do with the local culture is the key point to be successful in working with people from other culture. Misunderstanding the culture and behavioral difference can lead to problems and alienation, even confrontation, between colleagues and ultimately the collapse of partnership. Being self-centered and refusing to social with the local culture would also lead to the failure eventually. When people from the different culture meet or a person goes to a different country, they are expecting to have a culture clash, which includes the communication, leadership and organization and etc. The communication problem would the language barrier, but most time it is more than just the language difficulties. How to get the message across can vary and greatly impact the communication. In the video, Building the Transnational Team, it clearly shows that everybody can speak the same international English, but everyone understanding one another is the challenge. First, when the native English speaker talking with another non-native speaker, if he or she speaks too fast and uses slang terms, the non-native speaker would totally get lost and feel frustrated. Like in the video, Luis from Spain who speaks English but has limited understanding of ... ... will help people from different culture work efficiently together. The change would be in communication, leadership and organization. In the video, five people finally realize that they have to manage the culture difference before they can talk about business. They figure out the way to have a better communication by using simple English and also they could like to phone call and fax both to satisfy people from different culture. Furthermore, strategic change will be implemented which means to adapt or create organization policies which take into account cultural differences. Particular attention should be paid to policies or programs that have been developed to meet the requirements of one culture and are then imposed internationally. The key thing to work with people from different culture is to manage the cultural difference and cope to different cultures.

The Study of Psychology :: Graduate Admissions Essays

The Study of Psychology As a psychology major at the University of Northern Iowa I enjoyed studying human interaction and individual processes. I continued to take a variety of psychology courses and found I was especially interested in psychological issues within business settings. To obtain a better understanding of the business environment I then decided to double major and receive a B.A. in management, with an emphasis in human resources. Â   As I continued to pursue my two degrees problems occurring in the work environment became very interesting and exciting to me. My psychology major biased my business interest negatively toward finance and production operations, and stimulated interest in human behavior and interaction in organizational settings. I became engaged in aspects of motivation, job enrichment, and job satisfaction and concluded innumerable improvements could be made in am individual's work life and environment. I feel these improvements are psychologically and physically advantageous to workers, as well as, profitable for businesses and society. It is my intention to contribute empirically based findings to the Industrial/Organizational psychology field through my research and practice. I expect to provide and inspire some of the necessary solutions to problems in the business environment. Â   I am applying to Colorado State University because of the very thorough and effective foundation provided for work in the Industrial/Organizational field. I have been told by many professionals that Colorado State has excellent faculty and research facilities, as well as, job opportunities in the area. I intend to pursue a career in applied research and organizational consulting, therefore, these qualities are imperative to myself and my career. Initially I plan to gain practical experience in the field through employment with a consulting firm. My long range objective is to acquire a teaching position with a college or university, while continuing research and consulting endeavors. Â   I expect that graduate work at Colorado State University will be demanding, challenging, and exciting and I look forward to attending a program of this sort.

Employment and Performance Essay

When allocating work, what things should be taken into consideration? When Allocating work you need to implement a clear and precise goal that is achievable within the given time. The availability, knowledge and skills of the staff need to be considered before assigning them to a particular role to ensure the best outcomes. Why are performance management systems necessary and how do you think performance appraisals contribute to performance and productivity in an organisation? Performance management systems help direct employees toward organisational goals by letting employees know what is expected of them and how it will be achieved. When an employee has been given the performance management system, they should know clearly what is expected of them and know what they will be assessed on. It is also a good opportunity for employers to praise employees on the areas that they have excelled in and also to identify areas that need further improvement. 3. What steps might be taken if it is necessary to follow-up performance appraisals? Some steps that need to be followed when evaluating performance appraisals are: †¢Set performance goals with each employee. †¢Set developmental goals with each employee. †¢Shift focus from their past performance to their future performance. †¢Working directly with the employees. †¢Provide the employees with formal and informal coaching, guidance, feedback and direction. Assessment Activity 11 Explain what coaching and mentoring are, making certain that the differences between the two processes are clearly explained. Mentoring is relationship orientated which provides a safe environment where the mentored shares whatever issues affect his or her professional and personal success. Mentoring is always long term because it requires time in which both partners can learn about one another and build trust. Coaching is more tasks specific. The focus is on concrete issues, such as managing more effectively and improving technical and practical skills. Also a coach can successfully be involved with the coached for a short period of time, maybe even just a few sessions. The coaching lasts for as long as is needed. Assessment Activity 12 Why is necessary to document and record performance? Documenting employee performance sends the message to an organisation’s workers that their work is observed and acknowledged. As employees realise their work is acknowledged their level of engagement in their job increases. This causes productivity to increase. Also when managers meet with employees to discuss their performance reviews, employees can ask their managers questions about comments they gave regarding their performance. They can also discuss personal items such as work and life balance issues that impact their performance and work with their managers to arrive at solutions to the challenges. Assessment Activity 8 1. Why is it necessary that performance monitoring and evaluation be continuous process? To ensure employee improvement, productivity, satisfaction and to make it into an effective communication tool that enables feedback from employees to management as well as from management to employees. 2. Why should both managers and employees receive suitable training in how to handle performance review/appraisal interviews? Managers and employees both need training so they understand how the system works, how they can and should contribute, what the results of an appraisal should be and how the appraisal process fits with the organisations procedures and expectations for future performance. 3. How and how often do you think performance appraisals should be held and why do you think this? I think performance appraisals should be held two times a year to discuss performance, counselling and developing employees, discussing compensation, job status, or disciplinary decisions. In what ways can you recognise the contribution of your work group members and why should you do this? Some ways you can recognise contribution of your work group members are: †¢Public recognition for their contributions. †¢A thank you for doing the job. †¢An email note. †¢Time off. †¢Getting the group together to do a fun activity that’s not work related. With rewarding the team, they will likely work much harder if they feel that what they’re doing really makes a difference, and that their efforts are noticed by those with power. What is feedback and why is it important that managers and supervisors provide informal feedback to staff on a regular basis? Feedback: Information about reactions to a product, a person’s performance of a task, etc. which is used as a basis for improvement. It’s important that managers provide informal feedback to employees on a regular basis to ensure they fully understand if they are meeting the required goals and also to encourage improvement and acknowledging a job well done in a causal and non-formal way.

Martin Luther King Speech

Martin Luther King Speech 1. Type of Document: Speech 2. 8/28/1963 3. Martin L. King 4. Black People 5. Document Information A. List three things the author said that you think are important: 1. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. 2.Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, which has come back marked â€Å"insufficient funds. † But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. 3. So we have come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. B. I think the document was written to specifically address not just black Americans but to p eople of all faiths, colors and persuasions.Martin Luther King Jr. knew that they were all in need of liberation from the cruel customs and habits of the nation’s past, which held back every one of another, no matter what the circumstances were or us in one way. C. â€Å" The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom†D. 1. The document states that when The Emancipation Proclamation was signed, it was the opening of new hope to millions of Negro slaves and was to put an end to all slavery. 2. About a hundred years after the Emancipation Proclamation was signed, the Negro was still not free. The life of the Negro was sadly crippled by segregation and discrimination. Whites cheated the Negros like absolute g arbage and it lead to them living in poverty and in exile in his own land.E. Where there any Negros backs in the time when segregation was a major conflict that had some advantages over other Negros? F. Martin Luther King’s most famous speech draws heavily on his theological education and his superior command of the art of rhetoric. King basically starts out by pointing out that the Emancipation Proclamation was signed, which ended slavery in all the southern states and then from there he moves on to discuss the â€Å"check† of freedom.He then states that the check has been returned due to insufficient funds which basically means that, â€Å"We the people refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. † King final lines of his speech comes back to his introductory idea, that even though black people were freed of slavery in 1865 when the Emancipatio n Proclamation was signed, they never actually have been free people.

Confucianism- Religion or Not?

Confucianism- Religion or Not? Religion has always played a key aspect to societies, ancient or not. Whether to unify a group of people, or to provide a common thought to ensure that the civilization not fail, there is no argument as to the importance of religion. However, in every ancient society, religions share common characteristics which define the term religion itself. There are certain forms to which each religion has to mold to in order to be considered a religion in itself. Certain thought processes or beliefs are exempt from being considered religion. A prime example of this would be Confucianism- Confucianism cannot be considered a religion, but a thought process. Confucianism is not considered a religion for many reasons. First off, one must define the term religion as it pertains to ancient societies. The Princeton Dictionary defines religion as- â€Å"A strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that controls human destiny† From ancient societies, one could also tack on that with religion comes holidays or celebrations. After settling on a definition, one can then proceed to pick apart the parts of the definition, and identify as to whether or not Confucianism adheres to these parts. A religion is a strong belief in a supernatural power. In virtually every other dominant ancient religion this holds true. In the lands of Egypt, the belief in a great many Gods, all in charge of a specific task, was the religion accepted by the community. For a small time, the religion even was changed by the Pharaoh to monotheism, before switching back into polytheism. In the ancient lands of India, the belief of Hinduism was the accepted religion. Despite the fact that Hinduism is considered a way of life, a Dharma, there were still many Hindu Gods, such as Ganesha, that Hindus trusted and believed in. However, when one considers Confucianism, one would find no belief in any higher being or God. There is no higher force in Confucianism, which conflicts with a part of the definition of a religion. Looking further, we can see that with every religion follows with it certain celebrations and holidays. In the Hebrew religion, there are many holidays, such as Purim. In the ancient Egyptian religion, there were numerous holidays as well, all in honor of their many Gods. Each of these religions also had religions ceremonies held in temples, such as festivals performed by priests in the Hindu religion. However, Confucianism does not contain either of these practices. There are no holidays in Confucianism, and there are no religious ceremonies to be performed. Although ancient religions differed in viewpoints, there were many redeeming similarities between the religions. It is from these similarities that a definition of what a religion is was formulated from, and how to classify a thought system as a religion. Because Confucianism simply does not contain the bare necessities of other religions, it is not possible to classify Confucianism as a religion on its own.

Adult Learning Theory Paper Essay

Summary In an effort to determine how adults learn, experts examine and evaluate studies that have been done that involve the adult learner. The more that experts understand how the learner processes information, the better the understanding will be on how to structure their learning environment. Research is continually changing in this area, and educators know there are differences in how each adult learner attains information. In the two articles, â€Å"Adult Learning Theory for the Twenty-First Century† by Sharan B. Merriam, and â€Å"Adult Learning Theory: Applications to Non-Traditional College Students† by Kenner and Weinerman, different theories are discussed. In the journal article, â€Å"Adult Learning Theory for the Twenty-First Century† by Sharan B. Merriam, she explains that there are always new updates and research on adult learning theories. â€Å"Today the historical, sociocultural context of adult learning is recognized as a key component in understanding the nature of adult learning† (Merriam, 2008, p.94). This differs from the early decades where experts only focused on one type of learner. More attention is being placed on exactly how the adult learner learns in society than just as an individual. Adult learning was first thought of as a cognitive process, however currently it is thought of as a much â€Å"broader activity involving the body, emotions, and the spirit as well as the mind† (Merriam, 2008, p.98). Another theory of adult learning is shown in the journal article, â€Å"Adult Learning Theory: Applications to Non-Traditional College Students† by Kenner and Weinerman. This theory is about the adult learner and how she takes her work success and integrates it in her academic success. She uses her life experiences to help in her academic community. â€Å"By understanding what makes  adult learners different from traditional students, developmental educators can provide specific tools that help adult learners integrate into the college or university environment and increase their chances for success† (Kenner, Weinerman, 2011, p. 88). Since integration into a new academic environment can bring challenges, it is important that the educator understands the student’s history and can incorporate different learning styles in a successful way (Kenner, Weinerman, 2011). Both of these articles are similar in the fact that both of the authors’ goals are to better understand the adult learner. Both believe that there are differences in how adults learn and are focused on how to better understand and make the learner successful. The first article recognizes the changes in theory over the years and brings attention to new theories. It also touches on the fact that previous life experiences play a part in how one learns, which is the focus of the second article. The second article is more specific in the way that it focuses on a particular group of adult learners. Experts are continuing to understand the way the adult learner learns, and how to better meet the goals of their learner to make them successful in the academics. The way adults learn is continually changing, and the more knowledge that is gained, the more a learning environment can be structured to fit the needs of the individual learner. Reflection As an adult learner in the education world, the more knowledge that I have on the different ways I learn, the better I will be able to understand why and how I learn. I will be able to apply different theories to my everyday learning. This will help me have a greater understanding of how to incorporate this into my own work and everyday life. I can apply the first article â€Å"Adult Learning Theory for the Twenty-First Century† by Sharan B. Merriam, to myself because as the expert is continuing to gain knowledge and understanding on how adults learn, I then can take  that information and use it in my everyday academic career. Merriam states that adult learning is a multidimensional phenomenon, and I agree with that. There are many different ways I can learn, and I have to take into account that the cultures surrounding me can play a part in that. The second article, â€Å"Adult Learning Theory: Applications to Non-Traditional College Students† by Kenner and Weinerman, I think I relate to more because I did not go into college right away after finishing high school. Getting a college degree was not as important to me as going out in the work force and making money, or traveling and having the opportunity to be adventurous. I have a different learning style because of that, and in a way it can both help and hurt my learning. â€Å"Knowles identifies four principles that characterize adult learners† (Kenner, Weinerman, 2011). The fourth is that we are motivated, which I definitely am. We go back to school to achieve a personal goal that we have set for ourselves (Kenner, Weinerman, 2011). That is why I have decided to go back to school. Both of these articles show important theories on how the adult learns, but the second article resonates with my own personal experiences better. Merriam explains that there is a value to incorporate more creative ways of learning into practice (Merriam, 2008). I think that because I left school to pursue my own adventures, I did gain a different set of skills that I can now bring into my learning environment. I agree that I face challenges that differ from other students, but I also understand the plus side to taking the route that I chose (Kenner, Weinerman, 2011). In conclusion, there were both similarities and differences in these articles, and they both play a part in how an adult learns. I can take this knowledge and incorporate it into my learning, and also take my own personal experiences from life and replicate it into my academic career. These articles helped me understand why I learn the way I do, and how I can strive to be a better student now and in the future. Reflection Kenner, Carl & Weinerman, Jason (2011) Adult Learning Theory: Applications to Non- Traditional College Students. 41.2 Spring 2011, p 87-96 Merriam, Sharan. (2008) Adult Learning Theory for the Twenty-First Century. New Directions for Continuing Education. 119. 93-98. DOI: 10.1002/ace. Adult Learning Theory Paper Essay Summary The article â€Å"Engaging the Adult Learner Generational Mix† examines the adult learning through different generations. The author focuses on surveys that were given on two graduate classes. Some adult learners were in online classes, while others were in a hybrid class. The surveys were done in three different locations. In this article the author analyses three different generations’ Readiness to Learn, Orientation to Learning, and Motivation to Learn. The three generations of adult learners that are being examined are the Baby Boomers, Generation X, and the Millennia generation. In the Readiness to Learn section the author find that majority of the time when adult learners has enrolled in a course it is to benefit them in finding an answer in improving themselves. Adult learners of the millennial generation had the absences of interest or showed a specific need to know information. Generation X needed little prompting to sway them to learn. However, they need to feel that connection with other classmates and professors. The Baby Boomers also had a lack of readiness, mostly because they didn’t understand the material and it was unfamiliar to them. With the Orientation to Learning section the author find that the adults wanted to see how the information they are leaning applies to their life. When the Millennial generation can’t relate the information to their experiences they become disconnected. Generation X always tries to relate the new information that they are learning to their personal life. By doing this it make the course interesting to them. It is easy to see when a Baby Boomer is oriented with a subject. When they are oriented with a subject their answers are well thought out and are lengthy. For adult learners motivation to learn is external but more internal. Internally adult learners want to enhance self-esteem, gain confidence, or improve their lifestyle. The millennial has very little motivation about the class material; it is the instructors and classmates that motivate them. This is similar with Generation X adult learners; however the Generation X learners wants to be part of discussions and class activities. The Baby boomers are motivated when they are allowed to show what they have learned in the course. Reflection â€Å"Engaging the Adult Learner Generational Mix† by Laura Holyoke and Erick Larson was had great information. This article allows students to think about their generation and how they learn. It also helps instructors or professors to understand what are reasons that adult learners are in their course and how to motivate this students to do their best. This article is not just useful to college and university this is also use for trainers of workshops, training programs, or personal development. In this current economy adults have to learn new skills to gain employment. Knowing this, any type of educator will find this article useful. Sometimes it is so easy to put all adults in the same group. The authors states that to establish an environment for training and educational programs the educators or trainer must acknowledge students learning styles, values and what generation they come from (Holyoke & Larson, 2009). It is good to see how the culture of which the country was in effect the learning of adults. The three different generations co-exist in the workforce so it is logical that they would also exist in a higher learning environment. It is so true what the authors say about adult learners, when they stare adult learners experience a need to learn something in order to cope more satisfyingly with real life task or problems (Holyoke & Larson, 2009). Adults seem to already have a lot of responsibilities, so it is understandable for adult learners to go in to courses wanting specific answers to help improve their lives. Adults do not want to learn anything that is not going to benefit them in the present or the future, â€Å"Adults are life-, mission-, or problem-centered in their route to learning† (Holyoke & Larson, 2009). Knowing more about adult learners’ generation will help the engage the students learning, thus benefiting both student and educator. Reference Page Reference Holyoke, L., & Larson, E. (2009). Engage the Adult Learner Gerational Mix. Journal of Adult Education, 12-21. Sullivan, L. (2008). Meeting the Challenges of Teaching Multiple Generations in the Same classroom. Boston Unversity School of Public Health, 1-38.

Personal finance Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal finance - Term Paper Example Most money market securities provide interest income. Even if one’s liquidity needs are covered, one may invest in these securities to maintain a low level of risk. Yet, he can also consider some alternative securities that typically provide a higher rate of return but are more risky. Stocks Stocks are certificates representing partial ownership of a firm. Stock investors become shareholders of the firm. Firms issue stocks to obtain funds to expand their business operations. Investors invest in stock when they believe that they may earn a higher return than alternative investments offer. Primary and Secondary Stock Markets Stocks can be traded in a primary or a secondary market: The primary market is a market in which newly issued securities are traded. Firms can raise funds by issuing new stock in the primary market. The first offering of a firm’s stock to the public is referred to as an ‘initial public offering’ (IPO). A secondary market facilitates the t rading of existing securities by enabling investors to sell their shares at any time. These shares are purchased by other investors who wish to invest in that stock. Thus, even if a firm is not issuing new shares of stock, investors can easily obtain shares of that firm’s stock by purchasing them in the secondary market. On a typical day, more than a million shares are traded in the secondary market. The price of the stock changes each day in response to changes in supply and demand. Types of Stock Investors Stock investors can be classified as institutional investors or individual investors: Institutional investors These are professionals employed by a financial institution who are responsible for managing money on behalf of the clients they serve. They attempt to select stocks or other securities that will provide a reasonable return on investment. The employees of financial institutions who make investment decisions are referred to as ‘portfolio managers’ beca use they manage a portfolio of securities (including stocks). More than half of all trading in financial markets is attributable to institutional investors. Individual investors commonly invest a portion of the money earned from their jobs. Like institutional investors, they invest in stocks to earn a reasonable return on their investment. In this way their money can grow by the time they wish to use it to make purchases. The number of individual investors has increased substantially in the last 20 years. Many individual investors hold their stocks for periods beyond one year. In contrast, some individual investors called ‘day traders’ buy stocks and then sell them on the same day. They hope to capitalize on very short-term movements in security prices. In many cases, their investments last for only a few minutes. Many day traders conduct their investing as a career, relying on their returns from investing as their main source of income. This type of investing is very r isky because the stock prices of even the best-managed firms periodically decline. Day trading is not recommended for most investors. Return from Investing in Stock Stocks can offer a return on investment through dividends and stock price appreciation. Some firms distribute quarterly income to their shareholders in the form of dividends rather than reinvest the earnings in the firm’

The clash of civilizations through different perspectives Essay

The clash of civilizations through different perspectives - Essay Example There is a great division between human beings globally due to the divergent cultures; notably, conflicts will be caused by the differences in cultures of people. In essence, the clash of civilization is the center of interest. In other words, the current differences and divisions on cultural background is the future battlefield (Webber, 2008). Imperatively, civilization refers to the cultural entities of ethnic groups, villages, religious groups, and nationalities. People are carried around the world at most with the principle of civilization. This situational phenomenon explains the advanced state of human society. This advanced state encompasses the far to which aspects like high levels of industry, science, government, as well as, culture have so far reached (Ridley, 2006). This paper will discuss the future of civilization under the relevant perspectives of system level analysis, state level analysis and individual level analysis in regards to politics. Conversely, civilization is the broader cultural identity and groupings of individual in the society; they vary, rise and fall, merge and divide, and end with time. It has to be restated that difference among civilization are basic and real. This is because people differentiate themselves based on culture, language, tradition, and religion (Surowiecki, 2004). People in the different culture perceive issues differently such as God, rights of others, equality, hierarchy, and freedom. These differences are real and the source of conflict in the future if not addressed. Discourse on the divergent cultural differences is essential in promoting peace and the future. The differences between cultures are the source of conflicts; however, conflict does not mean violence. Huntington (2007) asserts that globalization is reducing the world into a community of people through internet and information technology. This has

International business(fail in emerging economies) Essay - 1

International business(fail in emerging economies) - Essay Example This is because globalization of markets, as Czinkota, et al (2010) says, has also led to the globalization of business risk. There can be a myriad of reasons for these divestments but there has not been any detailed research to investigate the underlying factors that affect the divestment. The most generic definitions of divestment is a situation where a business willingly sells off some of its assets as a result of a discontinuation of part of it operations (Nees, 1978). Divestments can therefore happen locally or in a situation where a firm requires divesting from a one of its overseas branch (Davis, 1974, p. 16). There are some generic reasons why a firm may opt to divest. These include raising funds, need to focus on core business, specialization, asset consolidation and cleansing (removing dysfunctional parts of the firm) etc (Hamilton & Chow, 1993, p.479). The current trend to divest from international markets may indicate that none of these may be involved and therefore there is a need to investigate the real dynamics behind multinational divestments from emerging markets. Wal-Mart is one of the oldest and most successful retail chains in the US. The firm runs hundreds of stores in America and across a number of other countries across the world (Wall Mart, 2013). Wal-Mart was one of the first retail chains to use information technology to help in meeting customers’ needs and also in increasing efficiency. To achieve this, the firm uses high end computer servers and system that make data sharing easy and efficient. The firm is able to have a real time data sharing using a wide area network that connects all its stores. With this kind of sharing of data the firm is able to increase efficiency and therefore make customer service better (Wall Mart, 2013). For instance, data collected at the point of sale units in every Wal-Mart satire is sent to a computer in real time. This data is used in managing inventory and also in helping

What legal protection is given to archaeological sites in Britain To Essay

What legal protection is given to archaeological sites in Britain To what extent are these measures effective in safeguarding their future - Essay Example ise in order to preserve the heritage of the country because it understands that it is the only evidence of the pre-historic periods that existed and ensures that the legislation to meet these needs are properly carried out. The Ancient Monument Protections Act of 1882 was first imposed by the British parliament as a protective measure for all archaeological sites in Britain. The sites include ancient buildings, monuments, caves etc. The Protection for Military Remains Act of 1986 takes care of vehicles, vessels and other aircraft. The Archaeological Heritage Management also known as the Archaeological Resource Management is instrumental in conserving and managing the ancient archaeological sites of Britain. Their chief focus relates to the preservation, age and the use of the different archaeological resources available to us. In lieu of modern planning and development that poses a threat to the archaeological sites, the Archaeological Source Management Department devise ways and means of mitigating the adverse impact it could have on archaeological sites. In assessing the physical condition of any archaeological site, modern methodology and techniques are used to analyze, monitor and document the exte nt of deterioration and try to find the best means to preserve or conserve these ancient sites. In this essay we will attempt to look at the legislation that governs the conservation of archaeological sites and monuments so that we gain a better understanding of how important such laws are to the cause of preserving them. In Scotland alone, there are about 70,000 monuments and sites that are presently preserved under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. The Secretary of State for Scotland plays a major role in the planning system. The local authorities are also responsible for the preservation and safeguarding of such archaeological sites and contribute towards the economy by helping with landscaping and other amenities for development of

History - The Mongol Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History - The Mongol Empire - Essay Example Some of the key features brought to the human thinking by this impressive empire include the intercontinental long distance trade, united people that formed different distinguished nations, change the way leadership, specifically military leadership, was thought to be, and fanatically developed new norms for the historians. The historians remember the Mongol Empire as the largest contiguous kingdom mankind has ever witnessed. The best spectator of this empire was the area of Eurasia, distinctly at the 13th and the 14th century. But the overall ruler ship of Mongols throughout the world is like the golden pages of history books. 2 Brief History The Mongolian empire was a federation of different tribes of Central Asia. The evolution of this empire was a slow and steady process that began when the Turkish and Mongolian tribes sat together for mutual interests. The first renowned of them was Temujin (1165-1227). He was a charming and fascinating leader and was the heir to Toghril Khan, s upreme leader of the Kereits. The â€Å"Kereits† tribe was the most prominent and populous tribe among the Mongols. The idea of leadership that Temujin possessed was genetically adopted from his father. Soon after he came into limelight, sections of people emerged that were jealous from Temujin. This jealousy ended into a clash in 1203 from which Temujin was left victorious and he gained control of the entire area of Mongolia. 3 Temujin modified the concept of the people residing in this tribal land, unifying each one into a single umbrella of â€Å"Khamag Mongol Ulus†, the ultimate and the all powerful Mongol State. He dissolved the tribes and formulated them as they could be used in the military wings. He introduced the use of decimal systems for assembling his militia. Discipline was mandatory for the armed forces and a strong code of conduct was introduced by him. By 1204 he had defeated all who stood against him. By 1206, through his outstanding military and leade rship skills, he was assigned the title of Chingis Khan (Genghis Khan), which means a robust and firm person and a remarkable leader. 4 The rise of the Empire At the beginning of the 12th century AD, the huge grasslands of Mongolia were resided by Turkish and Mongol-Tung sic tribes, Mongolian tribe being the most populous and the creative one. In 1130 the Mongols entered the regions that are now part of the People’s Republic of China, defeating the powerful Jin Empire and indulged their area of control. 5 The history of the Empire started from 1218, when an interesting event shaped the empire and more particularly the life of Genghis Khan, from a nomadic person to the conqueror of the world. A trade convoy starting their travel from the Mongol lands, heading towards the Persian area that now lay in modern Uzbekistan, was stopped unexpectedly by the Persian State Ruler. The ruler suspected that the caravan was one of the Mongolian spies, so he mutilated the men, raped women an d seized all the goods that the group was carrying with them. The doubt was not something out of the world; in fact the Mongols were very intelligent people at gathering information from around the world that benefited them. At the Mongolian side, this was a strict violation of the peace treaty that assured that the trade caravans will be safe from any

Healthcare Management - SWOT analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healthcare Management - SWOT analysis - Essay Example They have made three locations in their community area to cover all people of the community. This strengthens up their organization as people will be able to access them easily and effectively and the availability of services will be fast and sure. The first weakness which every new emerging company can face is the lack of customer flow towards it as the existing organization in the market makes up their credibility with time in people. And especially when the matter comes to health, people prefer and become more fastidious in trusting an organization. The other common weakness the company faces is lack and unavailability of facilities and experienced staff. The weakness of any organization is basically internal; which exist within the organization .So such weaknesses and internal defects can be overcome with time and proper strategies. The factors like professional environment, proper medical treatments, proper administration and caring and responsible working staff can lead in forming a good respectable image in community. And with a strong mission of the organization Group, the outcome of the organization can be expected to be good. The internal setup of the company also makes an impact on management and efficiently of workers. The proper training program organized by The Group would provide the staff a professional training and will train them in performing their work properly. The competitors around the community with more established and experienced setup are huge threats. These threats can include more specialized and experienced doctors, more capacity of indoor patients, latest technology treatments, availability of doctors and specialist in emergencies etc. Every organization faces external threats which aren’t in control of the organization. One can not remove these threats from the environment but can deal and fight with